The Great Migration was the mass relocation of approximately six million African Americans from the rural South to major cities in the North, West, and Midwest between 1910 and 1970. Motivated by the desire to escape racial violence, Jim Crow segregation, and limited opportunities, migrants sought better employment, education, healthcare, and living conditions in industrial cities. This movement profoundly reshaped the social, cultural, and political landscape of the United States, influencing the expansion and development of artistic and cultural traditions, fostering new literary and artistic expression, and giving rise to influential Black political groups whose activism helped lay the groundwork for the Civil Rights Movement.